ⴱⵉⵀⵉ ⴰⵊⴰⵍⵍⴰⴹ
ⴱⵉⵀⵉ ⴰⵊⴰⵍⵍⴰⴹ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎ ⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖ ⵉⵙⴽⵙⴰⵡⵏ, ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1950 ⵖ ⵡⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵍⵍⴰ ⵄⵣⵉⵣⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵛⴰⵡⴰ, ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⴱⴱⵉⵏ ⴼ ⵍⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵔⵉ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵜ ⴼ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⴼⵜⵜⵓ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵓⵢⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵃⵡⴰⵛ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⴼⵍⵉⴷ ⵉ ⵉⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵃⵡⵡⴰⵛ, ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⵓⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴳ ⵙⵖ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⵖ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡⵉ, ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ.
ⵖ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵙⵓⵢⴰⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵍⵙ ⵉ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⴼⵜⵜⵓ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵖⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵃⵡⴰⵛⵏ, ⴰⴷ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵜⴰⵍⵍⵖⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵙⵙⵉⵎⵖⵓⵔⵏ ⵖⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵔⵓⵣ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎ. ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1973 ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵓⵊⴰⵍⵍⴰⴹ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ, ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴽⵙⴰ ⵓⵍⵍⵉ, ⵢⴰⴼ ⵏⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵔⴰⵔ ⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵇⵇⵏ ⵔⵔⵡⴰ, ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴷⴰⵖⵏ.
ⴰⵊⴰⵍⵍⴰⴹ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵏ, ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⴷⵖ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ, ⵉⵔⵣⴼ ⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⴼ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏ ⵉⴱⴷⴷ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴼⴰⵏⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵍⵉⵢⵢⵓ ⵖ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢⴰⴼ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵓⵎ ⴽⵔⴰ. ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵔⴳⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵏⵏ ⴱⵉⵀⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⴰ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ.
ⵉⵙⵡⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⵖⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⴰ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ, ⵉⵏⵢⴰⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⵔⵓ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⴰⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ ⴱⵔⵖⵓⵜ, ⴷ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵓ ⵍⵃⴰⵊ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵍⵄⵔⴱⵉ ⵄⵊⵊⴰⵊ ⴷ ⵓⵜⵡⵉⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵔⵔⴰⵜⵓ ⴷ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⴱⵉⵀⵉ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵍⵎⵙⵜ. ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⴽⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵕⵛⵎ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵍⴰⵍⵍⴰ ⵄⵣⵉⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡⵉⵜ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴷⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵓⵙ,
ⵖ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵜ ⵖ ⵉⵙⵓⵢⴰⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵍⵙ ⵉ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⴼⵜⵜⵓ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵖⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵃⵡⴰⵛⵏ, ⴰⴷ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵜⵜⴰⵍⵍⵖⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵙⵙⵉⵎⵖⵓⵔⵏ ⵖⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵔⵓⵣ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎ. ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1973 ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⵓⵊⴰⵍⵍⴰⴹ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ, ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⵣⵡⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴽⵙⴰ ⵓⵍⵍⵉ, ⵢⴰⴼ ⵏⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵔⴰⵔ ⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵇⵇⵏ ⵔⵔⵡⴰ, ⴰⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴷⴰⵖⵏ.
ⴰⵊⴰⵍⵍⴰⴹ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵏ, ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⴷⵖ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ, ⵉⵔⵣⴼ ⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⵖ ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⴼ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏ ⵉⴱⴷⴷ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴼⴰⵏⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵍⵉⵢⵢⵓ ⵖ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵢⴰⴼ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵓⵎ ⴽⵔⴰ. ⵜⵉⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵔⴳⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵏⵏ ⴱⵉⵀⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵖ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵙⴰ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ.
ⵉⵙⵡⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⵖⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⴰ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ, ⵉⵏⵢⴰⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵓⵔⵓ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⴰⵏ ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵔ ⴱⵔⵖⵓⵜ, ⴷ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵓ ⵍⵃⴰⵊ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵍⵄⵔⴱⵉ ⵄⵊⵊⴰⵊ ⴷ ⵓⵜⵡⵉⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵓⵙⵔⵔⴰⵜⵓ ⴷ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵓ ⴱⵉⵀⵉ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵍⵎⵙⵜ. ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⴽⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵕⵛⵎ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵍⴰⵍⵍⴰ ⵄⵣⵉⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡⵉⵜ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴷⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵓⵙ,